线程安全的单例模式的几种实现方法分享
1、饿汉式单例
public class Singleton {
private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
}
2、借助内部类
属于懒汉式单例，因为Java机制规定，内部类SingletonHolder只有在getInstance()方法第一次调用的时候才会被加载（实现了lazy），而且其加载过程是线程安全的。内部类加载的时候实例化一次instance。
public class Singleton {
private Singleton() { }
private static class SingletonHolder {
private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
}
3、普通加锁解决
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
虽然解决了线程安全问题，但是每个线程调用getInstance都要加锁，我们想要只在第一次调用getInstance时加锁，请看下面的双重检测方案
4、双重检测，但要注意写法
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
synchronzied(Singleton.class) {
Singleton temp = instance;
if(temp == null) {
temp = new Singleton();
instance = temp
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
由于指令重排序问题，所以不可以直接写成下面这样：
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
synchronzied(Singleton.class) {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
但是如果instance实例变量用volatile修饰就可以了，volatile修饰的话就可以确保instance = new Singleton();对应的指令不会重排序，如下的单例代码也是线程安全的：
public class Singleton {
private static volatile Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() { }
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if(instance == null) {
synchronzied(Singleton.class) {
if(instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
